feat(grfn/achilles): Implement tuples, and tuple patterns

Implement tuple expressions, types, and patterns, all the way through
the parser down to the typechecker. In LLVM, these are implemented as
anonymous structs, using an `extract` instruction when they're pattern
matched on to get out the individual fields.

Currently the only limitation here is patterns aren't supported in
function argument position, but you can still do something like

    fn xy = let (x, y) = xy in x + y

Change-Id: I357f17e9d4052e741eda8605b6662822f331efde
Reviewed-on: https://cl.tvl.fyi/c/depot/+/3027
Reviewed-by: grfn <grfn@gws.fyi>
Tested-by: BuildkiteCI

users/grfn/achilles/src/ast/mod.rs

@@ -127,9 +127,24 @@ impl<'a> Literal<'a> {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
+pub enum Pattern<'a> {
+    Id(Ident<'a>),
+    Tuple(Vec<Pattern<'a>>),
+}
+
+impl<'a> Pattern<'a> {
+    pub fn to_owned(&self) -> Pattern<'static> {
+        match self {
+            Pattern::Id(id) => Pattern::Id(id.to_owned()),
+            Pattern::Tuple(pats) => Pattern::Tuple(pats.iter().map(Pattern::to_owned).collect()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
 pub struct Binding<'a> {
-    pub ident: Ident<'a>,
+    pub pat: Pattern<'a>,
     pub type_: Option<Type<'a>>,
     pub body: Expr<'a>,
 }
@@ -137,7 +152,7 @@ pub struct Binding<'a> {
 impl<'a> Binding<'a> {
     fn to_owned(&self) -> Binding<'static> {
         Binding {
-            ident: self.ident.to_owned(),
+            pat: self.pat.to_owned(),
             type_: self.type_.as_ref().map(|t| t.to_owned()),
             body: self.body.to_owned(),
         }
@@ -179,6 +194,8 @@ pub enum Expr<'a> {
         args: Vec<Expr<'a>>,
     },
 
+    Tuple(Vec<Expr<'a>>),
+
     Ascription {
         expr: Box<Expr<'a>>,
         type_: Type<'a>,
@@ -190,6 +207,9 @@ impl<'a> Expr<'a> {
         match self {
             Expr::Ident(ref id) => Expr::Ident(id.to_owned()),
             Expr::Literal(ref lit) => Expr::Literal(lit.to_owned()),
+            Expr::Tuple(ref members) => {
+                Expr::Tuple(members.into_iter().map(Expr::to_owned).collect())
+            }
             Expr::UnaryOp { op, rhs } => Expr::UnaryOp {
                 op: *op,
                 rhs: Box::new((**rhs).to_owned()),
@@ -312,6 +332,7 @@ pub enum Type<'a> {
     Bool,
     CString,
     Unit,
+    Tuple(Vec<Type<'a>>),
     Var(Ident<'a>),
     Function(FunctionType<'a>),
 }
@@ -326,6 +347,7 @@ impl<'a> Type<'a> {
             Type::Unit => Type::Unit,
             Type::Var(v) => Type::Var(v.to_owned()),
             Type::Function(f) => Type::Function(f.to_owned()),
+            Type::Tuple(members) => Type::Tuple(members.iter().map(Type::to_owned).collect()),
         }
     }
 
@@ -379,9 +401,23 @@ impl<'a> Type<'a> {
             Type::Float => Type::Float,
             Type::Bool => Type::Bool,
             Type::CString => Type::CString,
+            Type::Tuple(members) => Type::Tuple(
+                members
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|t| t.traverse_type_vars(f.clone()))
+                    .collect(),
+            ),
             Type::Unit => Type::Unit,
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn as_tuple(&self) -> Option<&Vec<Type<'a>>> {
+        if let Self::Tuple(v) = self {
+            Some(v)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'a> Display for Type<'a> {
@@ -394,6 +430,7 @@ impl<'a> Display for Type<'a> {
             Type::Unit => f.write_str("()"),
             Type::Var(v) => v.fmt(f),
             Type::Function(ft) => ft.fmt(f),
+            Type::Tuple(ms) => write!(f, "({})", ms.iter().join(", ")),
         }
     }
 }