Make computeFSClosure() single-threaded again
The fact that queryPathInfo() is synchronous meant that we needed a thread for every concurrent binary cache lookup, even though they end up being handled by the same download thread. Requiring hundreds of threads is not a good idea. So now there is an asynchronous version of queryPathInfo() that takes a callback function to process the result. Similarly, enqueueDownload() now takes a callback rather than returning a future. Thus, a command like nix path-info --store https://cache.nixos.org/ -r /nix/store/slljrzwmpygy1daay14kjszsr9xix063-nixos-16.09beta231.dccf8c5 that returns 4941 paths now takes 1.87s using only 2 threads (the main thread and the downloader thread). (This is with a prewarmed CloudFront.)
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					 16 changed files with 410 additions and 227 deletions
				
			
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			@ -47,8 +47,9 @@ struct CurlDownloader : public Downloader
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        CurlDownloader & downloader;
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        DownloadRequest request;
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        DownloadResult result;
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        bool done = false; // whether the promise has been set
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        std::promise<DownloadResult> promise;
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        bool done = false; // whether either the success or failure function has been called
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        std::function<void(const DownloadResult &)> success;
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        std::function<void(std::exception_ptr exc)> failure;
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        CURL * req = 0;
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        bool active = false; // whether the handle has been added to the multi object
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        std::string status;
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			@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ struct CurlDownloader : public Downloader
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            if (requestHeaders) curl_slist_free_all(requestHeaders);
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            try {
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                if (!done)
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                    fail(DownloadError(Transient, format("download of ‘%s’ was interrupted") % request.uri));
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                    fail(DownloadError(Interrupted, format("download of ‘%s’ was interrupted") % request.uri));
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            } catch (...) {
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                ignoreException();
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            }
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			@ -95,8 +96,9 @@ struct CurlDownloader : public Downloader
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        template<class T>
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        void fail(const T & e)
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        {
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            promise.set_exception(std::make_exception_ptr(e));
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            assert(!done);
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            done = true;
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            failure(std::make_exception_ptr(e));
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        }
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        size_t writeCallback(void * contents, size_t size, size_t nmemb)
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			@ -239,7 +241,7 @@ struct CurlDownloader : public Downloader
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                (httpStatus == 200 || httpStatus == 304 || httpStatus == 226 /* FTP */ || httpStatus == 0 /* other protocol */))
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            {
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                result.cached = httpStatus == 304;
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                promise.set_value(result);
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                success(result);
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                done = true;
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            } else {
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                Error err =
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			@ -253,9 +255,11 @@ struct CurlDownloader : public Downloader
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                attempt++;
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                auto exc =
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                    httpStatus != 0
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                    ? DownloadError(err, format("unable to download ‘%s’: HTTP error %d") % request.uri % httpStatus)
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                    : DownloadError(err, format("unable to download ‘%s’: %s (%d)") % request.uri % curl_easy_strerror(code) % code);
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                    code == CURLE_ABORTED_BY_CALLBACK && _isInterrupted
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                    ? DownloadError(Interrupted, format("download of ‘%s’ was interrupted") % request.uri)
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                    : httpStatus != 0
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                      ? DownloadError(err, format("unable to download ‘%s’: HTTP error %d") % request.uri % httpStatus)
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                      : DownloadError(err, format("unable to download ‘%s’: %s (%d)") % request.uri % curl_easy_strerror(code) % code);
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                /* If this is a transient error, then maybe retry the
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                   download after a while. */
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			@ -414,7 +418,7 @@ struct CurlDownloader : public Downloader
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    {
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        try {
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            workerThreadMain();
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        } catch (Interrupted & e) {
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        } catch (nix::Interrupted & e) {
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        } catch (std::exception & e) {
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            printMsg(lvlError, format("unexpected error in download thread: %s") % e.what());
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        }
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			@ -437,11 +441,14 @@ struct CurlDownloader : public Downloader
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        writeFull(wakeupPipe.writeSide.get(), " ");
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    }
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    std::future<DownloadResult> enqueueDownload(const DownloadRequest & request) override
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    void enqueueDownload(const DownloadRequest & request,
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        std::function<void(const DownloadResult &)> success,
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        std::function<void(std::exception_ptr exc)> failure) override
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    {
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        auto item = std::make_shared<DownloadItem>(*this, request);
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        item->success = success;
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        item->failure = failure;
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        enqueueItem(item);
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        return item->promise.get_future();
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    }
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};
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			@ -458,6 +465,15 @@ ref<Downloader> makeDownloader()
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    return make_ref<CurlDownloader>();
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}
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std::future<DownloadResult> Downloader::enqueueDownload(const DownloadRequest & request)
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{
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    auto promise = std::make_shared<std::promise<DownloadResult>>();
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    enqueueDownload(request,
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        [promise](const DownloadResult & result) { promise->set_value(result); },
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        [promise](std::exception_ptr exc) { promise->set_exception(exc); });
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    return promise->get_future();
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}
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DownloadResult Downloader::download(const DownloadRequest & request)
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{
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    return enqueueDownload(request).get();
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