Add coding exercises for Facebook interviews

Add attempts at solving coding problems to Briefcase.

scratch/facebook/recursion-and-dynamic-programming/parenthesize-bools.py

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+# BNF
+# expression -> bool ( ( '|' | '&' | '^' ) bool )*
+# bool       -> '0' | '1'
+
+def tokenize(xs):
+    result = []
+    for c in xs:
+        if c == '0':
+            result.append(0)
+        elif c == '1':
+            result.append(1)
+        elif c in "&|^":
+            result.append(c)
+        else:
+            raise Exception("Unexpected token, \"{}\"".format(c))
+    return result
+
+class Parser(object):
+    def __init__(self, tokens):
+        self.tokens = tokens
+        self.i = 0
+
+    def prev(self):
+        return self.tokens[self.i - 1]
+
+    def curr(self):
+        return self.tokens[self.i]
+
+    def match(self, xs):
+        if self.exhausted():
+            return False
+        if (self.curr() in xs):
+            self.consume()
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def consume(self):
+        result = self.curr()
+        self.i += 1
+        return result
+
+    def exhausted(self):
+        return self.i >= len(self.tokens)
+
+def recursive_descent(tokens):
+    parser = Parser(tokens)
+    return parse_expression(parser)
+
+def parse_expression(parser):
+    lhs = parse_bool(parser)
+    while parser.match(['|', '&', '^']):
+        op = parser.prev()
+        rhs = parse_expression(parser)
+        lhs = [op, lhs, rhs]
+    return lhs
+
+def parse_bool(parser):
+    if parser.curr() == 0:
+        parser.consume()
+        return False
+    elif parser.curr() == 1:
+        parser.consume()
+        return True
+    else:
+        raise Exception("Unexpected token: {}".format(parser.curr()))
+
+def f(expr, result):
+    tokens = tokenize(expr)
+    tree = recursive_descent(tokens)
+    return do_f(tree, result)
+
+def do_f(tree, result):
+    if type(tree) == bool:
+        if tree == result:
+            return 1
+        else:
+            return 0
+
+    op, lhs, rhs = tree[0], tree[1], tree[2]
+    truth_tables = {
+        True: {
+            '|': [
+                (True, True),
+                (True, False),
+                (False, True),
+            ],
+            '&': [
+                (True, True),
+            ],
+            '^': [
+                (True, False),
+                (False, True),
+            ],
+        },
+        False: {
+            '|': [
+                (False, False),
+            ],
+            '&': [
+                (False, False),
+                (True, False),
+                (False, True),
+            ],
+            '^': [
+                (True, True),
+                (False, False),
+            ],
+        }
+    }
+
+    return sum([do_f(lhs, x) * do_f(rhs, y) for x, y in truth_tables[result][op]])
+
+print(f("1^0|0|1", False))
+print(f("1|0|1|1", False))