Add InterviewCake.com examples

Adds some of the code I generated while studying for a role transfer at Google
using the fantastic resource, InterviewCake.com. This work predates the
mono-repo.

I should think of ways to DRY up this code and the code in
crack_the_coding_interview, but I'm afraid I'm creating unnecessary work for
myself that way.

data_structures_and_algorithms/reverse-words.py

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+from collections import deque
+import unittest
+
+################################################################################
+# Solution
+################################################################################
+
+
+def rev(xs, i, j):
+    """Reverse xs in place from [i, j]"""
+    while i < j:
+        xs[i], xs[j] = xs[j], xs[i]
+        i += 1
+        j -= 1
+
+
+def rotate(xs, n, i=None, j=None):
+    """Mutably rotates list, xs, n times. Positive n values rotate right while
+    negative n values rotate left. Rotate within window [i, j]."""
+    i = i or 0
+    j = j or len(xs) - 1
+    ct = j - i
+
+    if n < 0:
+        n = abs(n)
+        p = i + n - 1
+        rev(xs, i, p)
+        rev(xs, p + 1, j)
+        rev(xs, i, j)
+    else:
+        p = j - (n - 1)
+        rev(xs, p, j)
+        rev(xs, i, p - 1)
+        rev(xs, i, j)
+    return xs
+
+
+def rev_words(xs, i, j):
+    if j + 1 == len(xs):
+        return 0
+
+    while j + 1 < len(xs):
+        while j + 1 < len(xs) and xs[j + 1] != ' ':
+            j += 1
+
+        rev(xs, i, j)
+        j += 2
+        i = j
+
+    return 0
+
+
+def reverse_words(xs):
+    # first reverse everything
+    rev(xs, 0, len(xs) - 1)
+    return rev_words(xs, 0, 0)
+
+
+def reverse_words_bak(xs, i=None, j=None):
+    i = i or 0
+    j = j or len(xs) - 1
+    w0, w1 = [], []
+
+    if i >= j:
+        return 0
+
+    pi = i
+    while pi < len(xs) and xs[pi] != ' ':
+        w0.append(xs[pi])
+        pi += 1
+
+    if pi == len(xs):
+        return 0
+
+    pj = j
+    while xs[pj] != ' ':
+        w1.append(xs[pj])
+        pj -= 1
+
+    d = len(w0) - len(w1)
+
+    rotate(xs, -1 * d, i, j)
+
+    for k in range(len(w1)):
+        xs[i + k] = w1[len(w1) - 1 - k]
+
+    for k in range(len(w0)):
+        xs[j - k] = w0[len(w0) - 1 - k]
+
+    while i != j and xs[i] != ' ' and xs[j] != ' ':
+        i += 1
+        j -= 1
+
+    if i == j:
+        return 0
+
+    elif xs[i] == ' ':
+        while j > 0 and xs[j] != ' ':
+            j -= 1
+        if j == 0:
+            return 0
+    elif xs[j] == ' ':
+        while i < len(xs) and xs[i] != ' ':
+            i += 1
+        if i == len(xs):
+            return 0
+    return reverse_words(xs, i + 1, j - 1)
+
+
+################################################################################
+# Tests
+################################################################################
+class Test(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_rev(self):
+        xs = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+        rev(xs, 0, len(xs) - 1)
+        self.assertEqual(xs, [5, 4, 3, 2, 1])
+
+    def test_rotate(self):
+        ys = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+        xs = ys[:]
+        self.assertEqual(rotate(xs, 1, 1, 3), [1, 4, 2, 3, 5])
+        xs = ys[:]
+        self.assertEqual(rotate(xs, -1, 1, 3), [1, 3, 4, 2, 5])
+        xs = ys[:]
+        self.assertEqual(rotate(xs, 1), [5, 1, 2, 3, 4])
+        xs = ys[:]
+        self.assertEqual(rotate(xs, -1), [2, 3, 4, 5, 1])
+        xs = ys[:]
+        self.assertEqual(rotate(xs, -2), [3, 4, 5, 1, 2])
+        xs = ys[:]
+        self.assertEqual(rotate(xs, -5), [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+        xs = ys[:]
+        self.assertEqual(rotate(xs, 5), [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+        xs = ys[:]
+        self.assertEqual(rotate(xs, 3), [3, 4, 5, 1, 2])
+
+    def test_one_word(self):
+        message = list('vault')
+        reverse_words(message)
+        expected = list('vault')
+        self.assertEqual(message, expected)
+
+    def test_two_words(self):
+        message = list('thief cake')
+        reverse_words(message)
+        expected = list('cake thief')
+        self.assertEqual(message, expected)
+
+    def test_three_words(self):
+        message = list('one another get')
+        reverse_words(message)
+        expected = list('get another one')
+        self.assertEqual(message, expected)
+
+    def test_multiple_words_same_length(self):
+        message = list('rat the ate cat the')
+        reverse_words(message)
+        expected = list('the cat ate the rat')
+        self.assertEqual(message, expected)
+
+    def test_multiple_words_different_lengths(self):
+        message = list('at rat house')
+        reverse_words(message)
+        expected = list('house rat at')
+        self.assertEqual(message, expected)
+
+    def test_multiple_words_different_lengths(self):
+        message = list('yummy is cake bundt chocolate')
+        reverse_words(message)
+        expected = list('chocolate bundt cake is yummy')
+        self.assertEqual(message, expected)
+
+    def test_empty_string(self):
+        message = list('')
+        reverse_words(message)
+        expected = list('')
+        self.assertEqual(message, expected)
+
+
+unittest.main(verbosity=2)