526 lines
20 KiB
Text
526 lines
20 KiB
Text
git-send-email(1)
|
|
=================
|
|
|
|
NAME
|
|
----
|
|
git-send-email - Send a collection of patches as emails
|
|
|
|
|
|
SYNOPSIS
|
|
--------
|
|
[verse]
|
|
'git send-email' [<options>] <file|directory|rev-list options>...
|
|
'git send-email' --dump-aliases
|
|
|
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
-----------
|
|
Takes the patches given on the command line and emails them out.
|
|
Patches can be specified as files, directories (which will send all
|
|
files in the directory), or directly as a revision list. In the
|
|
last case, any format accepted by linkgit:git-format-patch[1] can
|
|
be passed to git send-email.
|
|
|
|
The header of the email is configurable via command-line options. If not
|
|
specified on the command line, the user will be prompted with a ReadLine
|
|
enabled interface to provide the necessary information.
|
|
|
|
There are two formats accepted for patch files:
|
|
|
|
1. mbox format files
|
|
+
|
|
This is what linkgit:git-format-patch[1] generates. Most headers and MIME
|
|
formatting are ignored.
|
|
|
|
2. The original format used by Greg Kroah-Hartman's 'send_lots_of_email.pl'
|
|
script
|
|
+
|
|
This format expects the first line of the file to contain the "Cc:" value
|
|
and the "Subject:" of the message as the second line.
|
|
|
|
|
|
OPTIONS
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
Composing
|
|
~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
--annotate::
|
|
Review and edit each patch you're about to send. Default is the value
|
|
of `sendemail.annotate`. See the CONFIGURATION section for
|
|
`sendemail.multiEdit`.
|
|
|
|
--bcc=<address>,...::
|
|
Specify a "Bcc:" value for each email. Default is the value of
|
|
`sendemail.bcc`.
|
|
+
|
|
This option may be specified multiple times.
|
|
|
|
--cc=<address>,...::
|
|
Specify a starting "Cc:" value for each email.
|
|
Default is the value of `sendemail.cc`.
|
|
+
|
|
This option may be specified multiple times.
|
|
|
|
--compose::
|
|
Invoke a text editor (see GIT_EDITOR in linkgit:git-var[1])
|
|
to edit an introductory message for the patch series.
|
|
+
|
|
When `--compose` is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and
|
|
In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message
|
|
(what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank
|
|
(or Git: prefixed) lines, the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject,
|
|
and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed.
|
|
+
|
|
Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for.
|
|
+
|
|
See the CONFIGURATION section for `sendemail.multiEdit`.
|
|
|
|
--from=<address>::
|
|
Specify the sender of the emails. If not specified on the command line,
|
|
the value of the `sendemail.from` configuration option is used. If
|
|
neither the command-line option nor `sendemail.from` are set, then the
|
|
user will be prompted for the value. The default for the prompt will be
|
|
the value of GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT, or GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT if that is not
|
|
set, as returned by "git var -l".
|
|
|
|
--reply-to=<address>::
|
|
Specify the address where replies from recipients should go to.
|
|
Use this if replies to messages should go to another address than what
|
|
is specified with the --from parameter.
|
|
|
|
--in-reply-to=<identifier>::
|
|
Make the first mail (or all the mails with `--no-thread`) appear as a
|
|
reply to the given Message-Id, which avoids breaking threads to
|
|
provide a new patch series.
|
|
The second and subsequent emails will be sent as replies according to
|
|
the `--[no-]chain-reply-to` setting.
|
|
+
|
|
So for example when `--thread` and `--no-chain-reply-to` are specified, the
|
|
second and subsequent patches will be replies to the first one like in the
|
|
illustration below where `[PATCH v2 0/3]` is in reply to `[PATCH 0/2]`:
|
|
+
|
|
[PATCH 0/2] Here is what I did...
|
|
[PATCH 1/2] Clean up and tests
|
|
[PATCH 2/2] Implementation
|
|
[PATCH v2 0/3] Here is a reroll
|
|
[PATCH v2 1/3] Clean up
|
|
[PATCH v2 2/3] New tests
|
|
[PATCH v2 3/3] Implementation
|
|
+
|
|
Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose
|
|
is not set, this will be prompted for.
|
|
|
|
--subject=<string>::
|
|
Specify the initial subject of the email thread.
|
|
Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose
|
|
is not set, this will be prompted for.
|
|
|
|
--to=<address>,...::
|
|
Specify the primary recipient of the emails generated. Generally, this
|
|
will be the upstream maintainer of the project involved. Default is the
|
|
value of the `sendemail.to` configuration value; if that is unspecified,
|
|
and --to-cmd is not specified, this will be prompted for.
|
|
+
|
|
This option may be specified multiple times.
|
|
|
|
--8bit-encoding=<encoding>::
|
|
When encountering a non-ASCII message or subject that does not
|
|
declare its encoding, add headers/quoting to indicate it is
|
|
encoded in <encoding>. Default is the value of the
|
|
'sendemail.assume8bitEncoding'; if that is unspecified, this
|
|
will be prompted for if any non-ASCII files are encountered.
|
|
+
|
|
Note that no attempts whatsoever are made to validate the encoding.
|
|
|
|
--compose-encoding=<encoding>::
|
|
Specify encoding of compose message. Default is the value of the
|
|
'sendemail.composeencoding'; if that is unspecified, UTF-8 is assumed.
|
|
|
|
--transfer-encoding=(7bit|8bit|quoted-printable|base64|auto)::
|
|
Specify the transfer encoding to be used to send the message over SMTP.
|
|
7bit will fail upon encountering a non-ASCII message. quoted-printable
|
|
can be useful when the repository contains files that contain carriage
|
|
returns, but makes the raw patch email file (as saved from a MUA) much
|
|
harder to inspect manually. base64 is even more fool proof, but also
|
|
even more opaque. auto will use 8bit when possible, and quoted-printable
|
|
otherwise.
|
|
+
|
|
Default is the value of the `sendemail.transferEncoding` configuration
|
|
value; if that is unspecified, default to `auto`.
|
|
|
|
--xmailer::
|
|
--no-xmailer::
|
|
Add (or prevent adding) the "X-Mailer:" header. By default,
|
|
the header is added, but it can be turned off by setting the
|
|
`sendemail.xmailer` configuration variable to `false`.
|
|
|
|
Sending
|
|
~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
--envelope-sender=<address>::
|
|
Specify the envelope sender used to send the emails.
|
|
This is useful if your default address is not the address that is
|
|
subscribed to a list. In order to use the 'From' address, set the
|
|
value to "auto". If you use the sendmail binary, you must have
|
|
suitable privileges for the -f parameter. Default is the value of the
|
|
`sendemail.envelopeSender` configuration variable; if that is
|
|
unspecified, choosing the envelope sender is left to your MTA.
|
|
|
|
--smtp-encryption=<encryption>::
|
|
Specify the encryption to use, either 'ssl' or 'tls'. Any other
|
|
value reverts to plain SMTP. Default is the value of
|
|
`sendemail.smtpEncryption`.
|
|
|
|
--smtp-domain=<FQDN>::
|
|
Specifies the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) used in the
|
|
HELO/EHLO command to the SMTP server. Some servers require the
|
|
FQDN to match your IP address. If not set, git send-email attempts
|
|
to determine your FQDN automatically. Default is the value of
|
|
`sendemail.smtpDomain`.
|
|
|
|
--smtp-auth=<mechanisms>::
|
|
Whitespace-separated list of allowed SMTP-AUTH mechanisms. This setting
|
|
forces using only the listed mechanisms. Example:
|
|
+
|
|
------
|
|
$ git send-email --smtp-auth="PLAIN LOGIN GSSAPI" ...
|
|
------
|
|
+
|
|
If at least one of the specified mechanisms matches the ones advertised by the
|
|
SMTP server and if it is supported by the utilized SASL library, the mechanism
|
|
is used for authentication. If neither 'sendemail.smtpAuth' nor `--smtp-auth`
|
|
is specified, all mechanisms supported by the SASL library can be used. The
|
|
special value 'none' maybe specified to completely disable authentication
|
|
independently of `--smtp-user`
|
|
|
|
--smtp-pass[=<password>]::
|
|
Password for SMTP-AUTH. The argument is optional: If no
|
|
argument is specified, then the empty string is used as
|
|
the password. Default is the value of `sendemail.smtpPass`,
|
|
however `--smtp-pass` always overrides this value.
|
|
+
|
|
Furthermore, passwords need not be specified in configuration files
|
|
or on the command line. If a username has been specified (with
|
|
`--smtp-user` or a `sendemail.smtpUser`), but no password has been
|
|
specified (with `--smtp-pass` or `sendemail.smtpPass`), then
|
|
a password is obtained using 'git-credential'.
|
|
|
|
--no-smtp-auth::
|
|
Disable SMTP authentication. Short hand for `--smtp-auth=none`
|
|
|
|
--smtp-server=<host>::
|
|
If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use (e.g.
|
|
`smtp.example.com` or a raw IP address). Alternatively it can
|
|
specify a full pathname of a sendmail-like program instead;
|
|
the program must support the `-i` option. Default value can
|
|
be specified by the `sendemail.smtpServer` configuration
|
|
option; the built-in default is to search for `sendmail` in
|
|
`/usr/sbin`, `/usr/lib` and $PATH if such program is
|
|
available, falling back to `localhost` otherwise.
|
|
|
|
--smtp-server-port=<port>::
|
|
Specifies a port different from the default port (SMTP
|
|
servers typically listen to smtp port 25, but may also listen to
|
|
submission port 587, or the common SSL smtp port 465);
|
|
symbolic port names (e.g. "submission" instead of 587)
|
|
are also accepted. The port can also be set with the
|
|
`sendemail.smtpServerPort` configuration variable.
|
|
|
|
--smtp-server-option=<option>::
|
|
If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server option to use.
|
|
Default value can be specified by the `sendemail.smtpServerOption`
|
|
configuration option.
|
|
+
|
|
The --smtp-server-option option must be repeated for each option you want
|
|
to pass to the server. Likewise, different lines in the configuration files
|
|
must be used for each option.
|
|
|
|
--smtp-ssl::
|
|
Legacy alias for '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
|
|
|
|
--smtp-ssl-cert-path::
|
|
Path to a store of trusted CA certificates for SMTP SSL/TLS
|
|
certificate validation (either a directory that has been processed
|
|
by 'c_rehash', or a single file containing one or more PEM format
|
|
certificates concatenated together: see verify(1) -CAfile and
|
|
-CApath for more information on these). Set it to an empty string
|
|
to disable certificate verification. Defaults to the value of the
|
|
`sendemail.smtpsslcertpath` configuration variable, if set, or the
|
|
backing SSL library's compiled-in default otherwise (which should
|
|
be the best choice on most platforms).
|
|
|
|
--smtp-user=<user>::
|
|
Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of `sendemail.smtpUser`;
|
|
if a username is not specified (with `--smtp-user` or `sendemail.smtpUser`),
|
|
then authentication is not attempted.
|
|
|
|
--smtp-debug=0|1::
|
|
Enable (1) or disable (0) debug output. If enabled, SMTP
|
|
commands and replies will be printed. Useful to debug TLS
|
|
connection and authentication problems.
|
|
|
|
--batch-size=<num>::
|
|
Some email servers (e.g. smtp.163.com) limit the number emails to be
|
|
sent per session (connection) and this will lead to a failure when
|
|
sending many messages. With this option, send-email will disconnect after
|
|
sending $<num> messages and wait for a few seconds (see --relogin-delay)
|
|
and reconnect, to work around such a limit. You may want to
|
|
use some form of credential helper to avoid having to retype
|
|
your password every time this happens. Defaults to the
|
|
`sendemail.smtpBatchSize` configuration variable.
|
|
|
|
--relogin-delay=<int>::
|
|
Waiting $<int> seconds before reconnecting to SMTP server. Used together
|
|
with --batch-size option. Defaults to the `sendemail.smtpReloginDelay`
|
|
configuration variable.
|
|
|
|
Automating
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
--no-[to|cc|bcc]::
|
|
Clears any list of "To:", "Cc:", "Bcc:" addresses previously
|
|
set via config.
|
|
|
|
--no-identity::
|
|
Clears the previously read value of `sendemail.identity` set
|
|
via config, if any.
|
|
|
|
--to-cmd=<command>::
|
|
Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
|
|
should generate patch file specific "To:" entries.
|
|
Output of this command must be single email address per line.
|
|
Default is the value of 'sendemail.tocmd' configuration value.
|
|
|
|
--cc-cmd=<command>::
|
|
Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
|
|
should generate patch file specific "Cc:" entries.
|
|
Output of this command must be single email address per line.
|
|
Default is the value of `sendemail.ccCmd` configuration value.
|
|
|
|
--[no-]chain-reply-to::
|
|
If this is set, each email will be sent as a reply to the previous
|
|
email sent. If disabled with "--no-chain-reply-to", all emails after
|
|
the first will be sent as replies to the first email sent. When using
|
|
this, it is recommended that the first file given be an overview of the
|
|
entire patch series. Disabled by default, but the `sendemail.chainReplyTo`
|
|
configuration variable can be used to enable it.
|
|
|
|
--identity=<identity>::
|
|
A configuration identity. When given, causes values in the
|
|
'sendemail.<identity>' subsection to take precedence over
|
|
values in the 'sendemail' section. The default identity is
|
|
the value of `sendemail.identity`.
|
|
|
|
--[no-]signed-off-by-cc::
|
|
If this is set, add emails found in Signed-off-by: or Cc: lines to the
|
|
cc list. Default is the value of `sendemail.signedoffbycc` configuration
|
|
value; if that is unspecified, default to --signed-off-by-cc.
|
|
|
|
--[no-]cc-cover::
|
|
If this is set, emails found in Cc: headers in the first patch of
|
|
the series (typically the cover letter) are added to the cc list
|
|
for each email set. Default is the value of 'sendemail.cccover'
|
|
configuration value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-cc-cover.
|
|
|
|
--[no-]to-cover::
|
|
If this is set, emails found in To: headers in the first patch of
|
|
the series (typically the cover letter) are added to the to list
|
|
for each email set. Default is the value of 'sendemail.tocover'
|
|
configuration value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-to-cover.
|
|
|
|
--suppress-cc=<category>::
|
|
Specify an additional category of recipients to suppress the
|
|
auto-cc of:
|
|
+
|
|
--
|
|
- 'author' will avoid including the patch author.
|
|
- 'self' will avoid including the sender.
|
|
- 'cc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the patch header
|
|
except for self (use 'self' for that).
|
|
- 'bodycc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the
|
|
patch body (commit message) except for self (use 'self' for that).
|
|
- 'sob' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Signed-off-by lines except
|
|
for self (use 'self' for that).
|
|
- 'misc-by' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Acked-by,
|
|
Reviewed-by, Tested-by and other "-by" lines in the patch body,
|
|
except Signed-off-by (use 'sob' for that).
|
|
- 'cccmd' will avoid running the --cc-cmd.
|
|
- 'body' is equivalent to 'sob' + 'bodycc' + 'misc-by'.
|
|
- 'all' will suppress all auto cc values.
|
|
--
|
|
+
|
|
Default is the value of `sendemail.suppresscc` configuration value; if
|
|
that is unspecified, default to 'self' if --suppress-from is
|
|
specified, as well as 'body' if --no-signed-off-cc is specified.
|
|
|
|
--[no-]suppress-from::
|
|
If this is set, do not add the From: address to the cc: list.
|
|
Default is the value of `sendemail.suppressFrom` configuration
|
|
value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-suppress-from.
|
|
|
|
--[no-]thread::
|
|
If this is set, the In-Reply-To and References headers will be
|
|
added to each email sent. Whether each mail refers to the
|
|
previous email (`deep` threading per 'git format-patch'
|
|
wording) or to the first email (`shallow` threading) is
|
|
governed by "--[no-]chain-reply-to".
|
|
+
|
|
If disabled with "--no-thread", those headers will not be added
|
|
(unless specified with --in-reply-to). Default is the value of the
|
|
`sendemail.thread` configuration value; if that is unspecified,
|
|
default to --thread.
|
|
+
|
|
It is up to the user to ensure that no In-Reply-To header already
|
|
exists when 'git send-email' is asked to add it (especially note that
|
|
'git format-patch' can be configured to do the threading itself).
|
|
Failure to do so may not produce the expected result in the
|
|
recipient's MUA.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Administering
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
--confirm=<mode>::
|
|
Confirm just before sending:
|
|
+
|
|
--
|
|
- 'always' will always confirm before sending
|
|
- 'never' will never confirm before sending
|
|
- 'cc' will confirm before sending when send-email has automatically
|
|
added addresses from the patch to the Cc list
|
|
- 'compose' will confirm before sending the first message when using --compose.
|
|
- 'auto' is equivalent to 'cc' + 'compose'
|
|
--
|
|
+
|
|
Default is the value of `sendemail.confirm` configuration value; if that
|
|
is unspecified, default to 'auto' unless any of the suppress options
|
|
have been specified, in which case default to 'compose'.
|
|
|
|
--dry-run::
|
|
Do everything except actually send the emails.
|
|
|
|
--[no-]format-patch::
|
|
When an argument may be understood either as a reference or as a file name,
|
|
choose to understand it as a format-patch argument (`--format-patch`)
|
|
or as a file name (`--no-format-patch`). By default, when such a conflict
|
|
occurs, git send-email will fail.
|
|
|
|
--quiet::
|
|
Make git-send-email less verbose. One line per email should be
|
|
all that is output.
|
|
|
|
--[no-]validate::
|
|
Perform sanity checks on patches.
|
|
Currently, validation means the following:
|
|
+
|
|
--
|
|
* Invoke the sendemail-validate hook if present (see linkgit:githooks[5]).
|
|
* Warn of patches that contain lines longer than
|
|
998 characters unless a suitable transfer encoding
|
|
('auto', 'base64', or 'quoted-printable') is used;
|
|
this is due to SMTP limits as described by
|
|
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5322.txt.
|
|
--
|
|
+
|
|
Default is the value of `sendemail.validate`; if this is not set,
|
|
default to `--validate`.
|
|
|
|
--force::
|
|
Send emails even if safety checks would prevent it.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Information
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
--dump-aliases::
|
|
Instead of the normal operation, dump the shorthand alias names from
|
|
the configured alias file(s), one per line in alphabetical order. Note,
|
|
this only includes the alias name and not its expanded email addresses.
|
|
See 'sendemail.aliasesfile' for more information about aliases.
|
|
|
|
|
|
CONFIGURATION
|
|
-------------
|
|
|
|
sendemail.aliasesFile::
|
|
To avoid typing long email addresses, point this to one or more
|
|
email aliases files. You must also supply `sendemail.aliasFileType`.
|
|
|
|
sendemail.aliasFileType::
|
|
Format of the file(s) specified in sendemail.aliasesFile. Must be
|
|
one of 'mutt', 'mailrc', 'pine', 'elm', or 'gnus', or 'sendmail'.
|
|
+
|
|
What an alias file in each format looks like can be found in
|
|
the documentation of the email program of the same name. The
|
|
differences and limitations from the standard formats are
|
|
described below:
|
|
+
|
|
--
|
|
sendmail;;
|
|
* Quoted aliases and quoted addresses are not supported: lines that
|
|
contain a `"` symbol are ignored.
|
|
* Redirection to a file (`/path/name`) or pipe (`|command`) is not
|
|
supported.
|
|
* File inclusion (`:include: /path/name`) is not supported.
|
|
* Warnings are printed on the standard error output for any
|
|
explicitly unsupported constructs, and any other lines that are not
|
|
recognized by the parser.
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
sendemail.multiEdit::
|
|
If true (default), a single editor instance will be spawned to edit
|
|
files you have to edit (patches when `--annotate` is used, and the
|
|
summary when `--compose` is used). If false, files will be edited one
|
|
after the other, spawning a new editor each time.
|
|
|
|
sendemail.confirm::
|
|
Sets the default for whether to confirm before sending. Must be
|
|
one of 'always', 'never', 'cc', 'compose', or 'auto'. See `--confirm`
|
|
in the previous section for the meaning of these values.
|
|
|
|
EXAMPLES
|
|
--------
|
|
Use gmail as the smtp server
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
To use 'git send-email' to send your patches through the GMail SMTP server,
|
|
edit ~/.gitconfig to specify your account settings:
|
|
|
|
----
|
|
[sendemail]
|
|
smtpEncryption = tls
|
|
smtpServer = smtp.gmail.com
|
|
smtpUser = yourname@gmail.com
|
|
smtpServerPort = 587
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
If you have multifactor authentication setup on your gmail account, you will
|
|
need to generate an app-specific password for use with 'git send-email'. Visit
|
|
https://security.google.com/settings/security/apppasswords to create it.
|
|
|
|
Once your commits are ready to be sent to the mailing list, run the
|
|
following commands:
|
|
|
|
$ git format-patch --cover-letter -M origin/master -o outgoing/
|
|
$ edit outgoing/0000-*
|
|
$ git send-email outgoing/*
|
|
|
|
The first time you run it, you will be prompted for your credentials. Enter the
|
|
app-specific or your regular password as appropriate. If you have credential
|
|
helper configured (see linkgit:git-credential[1]), the password will be saved in
|
|
the credential store so you won't have to type it the next time.
|
|
|
|
Note: the following core Perl modules that may be installed with your
|
|
distribution of Perl are required:
|
|
MIME::Base64, MIME::QuotedPrint, Net::Domain and Net::SMTP.
|
|
These additional Perl modules are also required:
|
|
Authen::SASL and Mail::Address.
|
|
|
|
|
|
SEE ALSO
|
|
--------
|
|
linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-imap-send[1], mbox(5)
|
|
|
|
GIT
|
|
---
|
|
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
|