383 lines
13 KiB
Text
383 lines
13 KiB
Text
git-branch(1)
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=============
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NAME
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----
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git-branch - List, create, or delete branches
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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[verse]
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'git branch' [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--show-current]
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[-v [--abbrev=<length> | --no-abbrev]]
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[--column[=<options>] | --no-column] [--sort=<key>]
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[(--merged | --no-merged) [<commit>]]
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[--contains [<commit]] [--no-contains [<commit>]]
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[--points-at <object>] [--format=<format>]
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[(-r | --remotes) | (-a | --all)]
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[--list] [<pattern>...]
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'git branch' [--track | --no-track] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]
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'git branch' (--set-upstream-to=<upstream> | -u <upstream>) [<branchname>]
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'git branch' --unset-upstream [<branchname>]
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'git branch' (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>
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'git branch' (-c | -C) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>
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'git branch' (-d | -D) [-r] <branchname>...
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'git branch' --edit-description [<branchname>]
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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If `--list` is given, or if there are no non-option arguments, existing
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branches are listed; the current branch will be highlighted in green and
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marked with an asterisk. Any branches checked out in linked worktrees will
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be highlighted in cyan and marked with a plus sign. Option `-r` causes the
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remote-tracking branches to be listed,
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and option `-a` shows both local and remote branches.
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If a `<pattern>`
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is given, it is used as a shell wildcard to restrict the output to
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matching branches. If multiple patterns are given, a branch is shown if
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it matches any of the patterns.
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Note that when providing a
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`<pattern>`, you must use `--list`; otherwise the command may be interpreted
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as branch creation.
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With `--contains`, shows only the branches that contain the named commit
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(in other words, the branches whose tip commits are descendants of the
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named commit), `--no-contains` inverts it. With `--merged`, only branches
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merged into the named commit (i.e. the branches whose tip commits are
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reachable from the named commit) will be listed. With `--no-merged` only
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branches not merged into the named commit will be listed. If the <commit>
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argument is missing it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the tip of the current
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branch).
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The command's second form creates a new branch head named <branchname>
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which points to the current `HEAD`, or <start-point> if given. As a
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special case, for <start-point>, you may use `"A...B"` as a shortcut for
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the merge base of `A` and `B` if there is exactly one merge base. You
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can leave out at most one of `A` and `B`, in which case it defaults to
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`HEAD`.
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Note that this will create the new branch, but it will not switch the
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working tree to it; use "git switch <newbranch>" to switch to the
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new branch.
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When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, Git sets up the
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branch (specifically the `branch.<name>.remote` and `branch.<name>.merge`
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configuration entries) so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from
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the remote-tracking branch. This behavior may be changed via the global
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`branch.autoSetupMerge` configuration flag. That setting can be
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overridden by using the `--track` and `--no-track` options, and
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changed later using `git branch --set-upstream-to`.
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With a `-m` or `-M` option, <oldbranch> will be renamed to <newbranch>.
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If <oldbranch> had a corresponding reflog, it is renamed to match
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<newbranch>, and a reflog entry is created to remember the branch
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renaming. If <newbranch> exists, -M must be used to force the rename
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to happen.
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The `-c` and `-C` options have the exact same semantics as `-m` and
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`-M`, except instead of the branch being renamed it along with its
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config and reflog will be copied to a new name.
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With a `-d` or `-D` option, `<branchname>` will be deleted. You may
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specify more than one branch for deletion. If the branch currently
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has a reflog then the reflog will also be deleted.
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Use `-r` together with `-d` to delete remote-tracking branches. Note, that it
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only makes sense to delete remote-tracking branches if they no longer exist
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in the remote repository or if 'git fetch' was configured not to fetch
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them again. See also the 'prune' subcommand of linkgit:git-remote[1] for a
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way to clean up all obsolete remote-tracking branches.
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OPTIONS
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-------
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-d::
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--delete::
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Delete a branch. The branch must be fully merged in its
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upstream branch, or in `HEAD` if no upstream was set with
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`--track` or `--set-upstream-to`.
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-D::
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Shortcut for `--delete --force`.
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--create-reflog::
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Create the branch's reflog. This activates recording of
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all changes made to the branch ref, enabling use of date
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based sha1 expressions such as "<branchname>@\{yesterday}".
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Note that in non-bare repositories, reflogs are usually
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enabled by default by the `core.logAllRefUpdates` config option.
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The negated form `--no-create-reflog` only overrides an earlier
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`--create-reflog`, but currently does not negate the setting of
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`core.logAllRefUpdates`.
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-f::
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--force::
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Reset <branchname> to <startpoint>, even if <branchname> exists
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already. Without `-f`, 'git branch' refuses to change an existing branch.
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In combination with `-d` (or `--delete`), allow deleting the
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branch irrespective of its merged status. In combination with
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`-m` (or `--move`), allow renaming the branch even if the new
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branch name already exists, the same applies for `-c` (or `--copy`).
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-m::
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--move::
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Move/rename a branch and the corresponding reflog.
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-M::
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Shortcut for `--move --force`.
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-c::
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--copy::
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Copy a branch and the corresponding reflog.
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-C::
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Shortcut for `--copy --force`.
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--color[=<when>]::
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Color branches to highlight current, local, and
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remote-tracking branches.
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The value must be always (the default), never, or auto.
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--no-color::
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Turn off branch colors, even when the configuration file gives the
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default to color output.
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Same as `--color=never`.
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-i::
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--ignore-case::
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Sorting and filtering branches are case insensitive.
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--column[=<options>]::
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--no-column::
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Display branch listing in columns. See configuration variable
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column.branch for option syntax.`--column` and `--no-column`
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without options are equivalent to 'always' and 'never' respectively.
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+
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This option is only applicable in non-verbose mode.
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-r::
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--remotes::
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List or delete (if used with -d) the remote-tracking branches.
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Combine with `--list` to match the optional pattern(s).
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-a::
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--all::
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List both remote-tracking branches and local branches.
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Combine with `--list` to match optional pattern(s).
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-l::
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--list::
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List branches. With optional `<pattern>...`, e.g. `git
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branch --list 'maint-*'`, list only the branches that match
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the pattern(s).
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--show-current::
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Print the name of the current branch. In detached HEAD state,
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nothing is printed.
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-v::
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-vv::
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--verbose::
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When in list mode,
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show sha1 and commit subject line for each head, along with
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relationship to upstream branch (if any). If given twice, print
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the path of the linked worktree (if any) and the name of the upstream
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branch, as well (see also `git remote show <remote>`). Note that the
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current worktree's HEAD will not have its path printed (it will always
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be your current directory).
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-q::
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--quiet::
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Be more quiet when creating or deleting a branch, suppressing
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non-error messages.
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--abbrev=<length>::
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Alter the sha1's minimum display length in the output listing.
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The default value is 7 and can be overridden by the `core.abbrev`
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config option.
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--no-abbrev::
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Display the full sha1s in the output listing rather than abbreviating them.
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-t::
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--track::
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When creating a new branch, set up `branch.<name>.remote` and
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`branch.<name>.merge` configuration entries to mark the
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start-point branch as "upstream" from the new branch. This
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configuration will tell git to show the relationship between the
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two branches in `git status` and `git branch -v`. Furthermore,
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it directs `git pull` without arguments to pull from the
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upstream when the new branch is checked out.
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+
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This behavior is the default when the start point is a remote-tracking branch.
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Set the branch.autoSetupMerge configuration variable to `false` if you
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want `git switch`, `git checkout` and `git branch` to always behave as if `--no-track`
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were given. Set it to `always` if you want this behavior when the
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start-point is either a local or remote-tracking branch.
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--no-track::
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Do not set up "upstream" configuration, even if the
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branch.autoSetupMerge configuration variable is true.
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--set-upstream::
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As this option had confusing syntax, it is no longer supported.
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Please use `--track` or `--set-upstream-to` instead.
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-u <upstream>::
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--set-upstream-to=<upstream>::
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Set up <branchname>'s tracking information so <upstream> is
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considered <branchname>'s upstream branch. If no <branchname>
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is specified, then it defaults to the current branch.
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--unset-upstream::
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Remove the upstream information for <branchname>. If no branch
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is specified it defaults to the current branch.
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--edit-description::
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Open an editor and edit the text to explain what the branch is
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for, to be used by various other commands (e.g. `format-patch`,
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`request-pull`, and `merge` (if enabled)). Multi-line explanations
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may be used.
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--contains [<commit>]::
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Only list branches which contain the specified commit (HEAD
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if not specified). Implies `--list`.
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--no-contains [<commit>]::
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Only list branches which don't contain the specified commit
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(HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
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--merged [<commit>]::
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Only list branches whose tips are reachable from the
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specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`,
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incompatible with `--no-merged`.
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--no-merged [<commit>]::
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Only list branches whose tips are not reachable from the
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specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`,
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incompatible with `--merged`.
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<branchname>::
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The name of the branch to create or delete.
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The new branch name must pass all checks defined by
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linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1]. Some of these checks
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may restrict the characters allowed in a branch name.
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<start-point>::
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The new branch head will point to this commit. It may be
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given as a branch name, a commit-id, or a tag. If this
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option is omitted, the current HEAD will be used instead.
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<oldbranch>::
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The name of an existing branch to rename.
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<newbranch>::
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The new name for an existing branch. The same restrictions as for
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<branchname> apply.
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--sort=<key>::
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Sort based on the key given. Prefix `-` to sort in descending
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order of the value. You may use the --sort=<key> option
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multiple times, in which case the last key becomes the primary
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key. The keys supported are the same as those in `git
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for-each-ref`. Sort order defaults to the value configured for the
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`branch.sort` variable if exists, or to sorting based on the
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full refname (including `refs/...` prefix). This lists
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detached HEAD (if present) first, then local branches and
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finally remote-tracking branches. See linkgit:git-config[1].
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--points-at <object>::
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Only list branches of the given object.
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--format <format>::
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A string that interpolates `%(fieldname)` from a branch ref being shown
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and the object it points at. The format is the same as
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that of linkgit:git-for-each-ref[1].
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CONFIGURATION
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-------------
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`pager.branch` is only respected when listing branches, i.e., when
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`--list` is used or implied. The default is to use a pager.
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See linkgit:git-config[1].
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EXAMPLES
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--------
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Start development from a known tag::
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+
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------------
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$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.6 my2.6
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$ cd my2.6
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$ git branch my2.6.14 v2.6.14 <1>
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$ git switch my2.6.14
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------------
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<1> This step and the next one could be combined into a single step with
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"checkout -b my2.6.14 v2.6.14".
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Delete an unneeded branch::
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------------
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$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/.../git.git my.git
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$ cd my.git
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$ git branch -d -r origin/todo origin/html origin/man <1>
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$ git branch -D test <2>
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------------
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<1> Delete the remote-tracking branches "todo", "html" and "man". The next
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'fetch' or 'pull' will create them again unless you configure them not to.
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See linkgit:git-fetch[1].
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<2> Delete the "test" branch even if the "master" branch (or whichever branch
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is currently checked out) does not have all commits from the test branch.
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Listing branches from a specific remote::
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------------
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$ git branch -r -l '<remote>/<pattern>' <1>
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$ git for-each-ref 'refs/remotes/<remote>/<pattern>' <2>
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------------
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+
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<1> Using `-a` would conflate <remote> with any local branches you happen to
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have been prefixed with the same <remote> pattern.
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<2> `for-each-ref` can take a wide range of options. See linkgit:git-for-each-ref[1]
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Patterns will normally need quoting.
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NOTES
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-----
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If you are creating a branch that you want to switch to immediately,
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it is easier to use the "git switch" command with its `-c` option to
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do the same thing with a single command.
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The options `--contains`, `--no-contains`, `--merged` and `--no-merged`
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serve four related but different purposes:
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- `--contains <commit>` is used to find all branches which will need
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special attention if <commit> were to be rebased or amended, since those
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branches contain the specified <commit>.
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- `--no-contains <commit>` is the inverse of that, i.e. branches that don't
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contain the specified <commit>.
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- `--merged` is used to find all branches which can be safely deleted,
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since those branches are fully contained by HEAD.
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- `--no-merged` is used to find branches which are candidates for merging
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into HEAD, since those branches are not fully contained by HEAD.
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SEE ALSO
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--------
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linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1],
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linkgit:git-fetch[1],
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linkgit:git-remote[1],
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link:user-manual.html#what-is-a-branch[``Understanding history: What is
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a branch?''] in the Git User's Manual.
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GIT
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---
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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