205 lines
6.9 KiB
Text
205 lines
6.9 KiB
Text
git-bundle(1)
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=============
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NAME
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----
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git-bundle - Move objects and refs by archive
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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[verse]
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'git bundle' create <file> <git-rev-list-args>
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'git bundle' verify <file>
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'git bundle' list-heads <file> [<refname>...]
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'git bundle' unbundle <file> [<refname>...]
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on one
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machine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannot
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be directly connected, and therefore the interactive Git protocols (git,
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ssh, http) cannot be used. This command provides support for
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'git fetch' and 'git pull' to operate by packaging objects and references
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in an archive at the originating machine, then importing those into
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another repository using 'git fetch' and 'git pull'
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after moving the archive by some means (e.g., by sneakernet). As no
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direct connection between the repositories exists, the user must specify a
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basis for the bundle that is held by the destination repository: the
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bundle assumes that all objects in the basis are already in the
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destination repository.
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OPTIONS
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-------
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create <file>::
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Used to create a bundle named 'file'. This requires the
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'git-rev-list-args' arguments to define the bundle contents.
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verify <file>::
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Used to check that a bundle file is valid and will apply
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cleanly to the current repository. This includes checks on the
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bundle format itself as well as checking that the prerequisite
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commits exist and are fully linked in the current repository.
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'git bundle' prints a list of missing commits, if any, and exits
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with a non-zero status.
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list-heads <file>::
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Lists the references defined in the bundle. If followed by a
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list of references, only references matching those given are
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printed out.
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unbundle <file>::
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Passes the objects in the bundle to 'git index-pack'
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for storage in the repository, then prints the names of all
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defined references. If a list of references is given, only
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references matching those in the list are printed. This command is
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really plumbing, intended to be called only by 'git fetch'.
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<git-rev-list-args>::
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A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
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'git rev-list' (and containing a named ref, see SPECIFYING REFERENCES
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below), that specifies the specific objects and references
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to transport. For example, `master~10..master` causes the
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current master reference to be packaged along with all objects
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added since its 10th ancestor commit. There is no explicit
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limit to the number of references and objects that may be
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packaged.
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[<refname>...]::
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A list of references used to limit the references reported as
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available. This is principally of use to 'git fetch', which
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expects to receive only those references asked for and not
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necessarily everything in the pack (in this case, 'git bundle' acts
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like 'git fetch-pack').
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SPECIFYING REFERENCES
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---------------------
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'git bundle' will only package references that are shown by
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'git show-ref': this includes heads, tags, and remote heads. References
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such as `master~1` cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for
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defining the basis. More than one reference may be packaged, and more
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than one basis can be specified. The objects packaged are those not
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contained in the union of the given bases. Each basis can be
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specified explicitly (e.g. `^master~10`), or implicitly (e.g.
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`master~10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`).
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It is very important that the basis used be held by the destination.
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It is okay to err on the side of caution, causing the bundle file
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to contain objects already in the destination, as these are ignored
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when unpacking at the destination.
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EXAMPLES
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--------
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Assume you want to transfer the history from a repository R1 on machine A
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to another repository R2 on machine B.
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For whatever reason, direct connection between A and B is not allowed,
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but we can move data from A to B via some mechanism (CD, email, etc.).
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We want to update R2 with development made on the branch master in R1.
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To bootstrap the process, you can first create a bundle that does not have
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any basis. You can use a tag to remember up to what commit you last
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processed, in order to make it easy to later update the other repository
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with an incremental bundle:
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----------------
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machineA$ cd R1
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machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle master
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machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master
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----------------
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Then you transfer file.bundle to the target machine B. Because this
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bundle does not require any existing object to be extracted, you can
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create a new repository on machine B by cloning from it:
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----------------
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machineB$ git clone -b master /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2
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----------------
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This will define a remote called "origin" in the resulting repository that
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lets you fetch and pull from the bundle. The $GIT_DIR/config file in R2 will
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have an entry like this:
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------------------------
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[remote "origin"]
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url = /home/me/tmp/file.bundle
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fetch = refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
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------------------------
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To update the resulting mine.git repository, you can fetch or pull after
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replacing the bundle stored at /home/me/tmp/file.bundle with incremental
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updates.
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After working some more in the original repository, you can create an
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incremental bundle to update the other repository:
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----------------
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machineA$ cd R1
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machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle lastR2bundle..master
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machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master
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----------------
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You then transfer the bundle to the other machine to replace
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/home/me/tmp/file.bundle, and pull from it.
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----------------
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machineB$ cd R2
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machineB$ git pull
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----------------
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If you know up to what commit the intended recipient repository should
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have the necessary objects, you can use that knowledge to specify the
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basis, giving a cut-off point to limit the revisions and objects that go
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in the resulting bundle. The previous example used the lastR2bundle tag
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for this purpose, but you can use any other options that you would give to
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the linkgit:git-log[1] command. Here are more examples:
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You can use a tag that is present in both:
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----------------
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$ git bundle create mybundle v1.0.0..master
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----------------
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You can use a basis based on time:
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----------------
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$ git bundle create mybundle --since=10.days master
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----------------
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You can use the number of commits:
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----------------
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$ git bundle create mybundle -10 master
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----------------
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You can run `git-bundle verify` to see if you can extract from a bundle
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that was created with a basis:
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----------------
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$ git bundle verify mybundle
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----------------
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This will list what commits you must have in order to extract from the
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bundle and will error out if you do not have them.
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A bundle from a recipient repository's point of view is just like a
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regular repository which it fetches or pulls from. You can, for example, map
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references when fetching:
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----------------
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$ git fetch mybundle master:localRef
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----------------
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You can also see what references it offers:
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$ git ls-remote mybundle
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----------------
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GIT
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---
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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