390 lines
13 KiB
Text
390 lines
13 KiB
Text
git-interpret-trailers(1)
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=========================
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NAME
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----
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git-interpret-trailers - Add or parse structured information in commit messages
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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[verse]
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'git interpret-trailers' [<options>] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...]
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'git interpret-trailers' [<options>] [--parse] [<file>...]
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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Help parsing or adding 'trailers' lines, that look similar to RFC 822 e-mail
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headers, at the end of the otherwise free-form part of a commit
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message.
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This command reads some patches or commit messages from either the
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<file> arguments or the standard input if no <file> is specified. If
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`--parse` is specified, the output consists of the parsed trailers.
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Otherwise, this command applies the arguments passed using the
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`--trailer` option, if any, to the commit message part of each input
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file. The result is emitted on the standard output.
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Some configuration variables control the way the `--trailer` arguments
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are applied to each commit message and the way any existing trailer in
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the commit message is changed. They also make it possible to
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automatically add some trailers.
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By default, a '<token>=<value>' or '<token>:<value>' argument given
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using `--trailer` will be appended after the existing trailers only if
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the last trailer has a different (<token>, <value>) pair (or if there
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is no existing trailer). The <token> and <value> parts will be trimmed
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to remove starting and trailing whitespace, and the resulting trimmed
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<token> and <value> will appear in the message like this:
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------------------------------------------------
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token: value
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------------------------------------------------
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This means that the trimmed <token> and <value> will be separated by
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`': '` (one colon followed by one space).
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By default the new trailer will appear at the end of all the existing
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trailers. If there is no existing trailer, the new trailer will appear
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after the commit message part of the output, and, if there is no line
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with only spaces at the end of the commit message part, one blank line
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will be added before the new trailer.
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Existing trailers are extracted from the input message by looking for
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a group of one or more lines that (i) is all trailers, or (ii) contains at
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least one Git-generated or user-configured trailer and consists of at
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least 25% trailers.
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The group must be preceded by one or more empty (or whitespace-only) lines.
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The group must either be at the end of the message or be the last
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non-whitespace lines before a line that starts with '---' (followed by a
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space or the end of the line). Such three minus signs start the patch
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part of the message. See also `--no-divider` below.
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When reading trailers, there can be whitespaces after the
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token, the separator and the value. There can also be whitespaces
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inside the token and the value. The value may be split over multiple lines with
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each subsequent line starting with whitespace, like the "folding" in RFC 822.
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Note that 'trailers' do not follow and are not intended to follow many
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rules for RFC 822 headers. For example they do not follow
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the encoding rules and probably many other rules.
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OPTIONS
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-------
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--in-place::
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Edit the files in place.
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--trim-empty::
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If the <value> part of any trailer contains only whitespace,
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the whole trailer will be removed from the resulting message.
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This applies to existing trailers as well as new trailers.
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--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>]::
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Specify a (<token>, <value>) pair that should be applied as a
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trailer to the input messages. See the description of this
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command.
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--where <placement>::
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--no-where::
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Specify where all new trailers will be added. A setting
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provided with '--where' overrides all configuration variables
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and applies to all '--trailer' options until the next occurrence of
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'--where' or '--no-where'. Possible values are `after`, `before`,
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`end` or `start`.
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--if-exists <action>::
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--no-if-exists::
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Specify what action will be performed when there is already at
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least one trailer with the same <token> in the message. A setting
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provided with '--if-exists' overrides all configuration variables
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and applies to all '--trailer' options until the next occurrence of
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'--if-exists' or '--no-if-exists'. Possible actions are `addIfDifferent`,
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`addIfDifferentNeighbor`, `add`, `replace` and `doNothing`.
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--if-missing <action>::
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--no-if-missing::
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Specify what action will be performed when there is no other
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trailer with the same <token> in the message. A setting
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provided with '--if-missing' overrides all configuration variables
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and applies to all '--trailer' options until the next occurrence of
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'--if-missing' or '--no-if-missing'. Possible actions are `doNothing`
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or `add`.
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--only-trailers::
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Output only the trailers, not any other parts of the input.
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--only-input::
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Output only trailers that exist in the input; do not add any
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from the command-line or by following configured `trailer.*`
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rules.
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--unfold::
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Remove any whitespace-continuation in trailers, so that each
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trailer appears on a line by itself with its full content.
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--parse::
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A convenience alias for `--only-trailers --only-input
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--unfold`.
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--no-divider::
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Do not treat `---` as the end of the commit message. Use this
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when you know your input contains just the commit message itself
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(and not an email or the output of `git format-patch`).
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CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
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-----------------------
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trailer.separators::
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This option tells which characters are recognized as trailer
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separators. By default only ':' is recognized as a trailer
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separator, except that '=' is always accepted on the command
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line for compatibility with other git commands.
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+
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The first character given by this option will be the default character
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used when another separator is not specified in the config for this
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trailer.
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+
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For example, if the value for this option is "%=$", then only lines
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using the format '<token><sep><value>' with <sep> containing '%', '='
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or '$' and then spaces will be considered trailers. And '%' will be
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the default separator used, so by default trailers will appear like:
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'<token>% <value>' (one percent sign and one space will appear between
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the token and the value).
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trailer.where::
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This option tells where a new trailer will be added.
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This can be `end`, which is the default, `start`, `after` or `before`.
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If it is `end`, then each new trailer will appear at the end of the
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existing trailers.
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+
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If it is `start`, then each new trailer will appear at the start,
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instead of the end, of the existing trailers.
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+
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If it is `after`, then each new trailer will appear just after the
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last trailer with the same <token>.
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If it is `before`, then each new trailer will appear just before the
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first trailer with the same <token>.
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trailer.ifexists::
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This option makes it possible to choose what action will be
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performed when there is already at least one trailer with the
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same <token> in the message.
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The valid values for this option are: `addIfDifferentNeighbor` (this
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is the default), `addIfDifferent`, `add`, `replace` or `doNothing`.
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With `addIfDifferentNeighbor`, a new trailer will be added only if no
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trailer with the same (<token>, <value>) pair is above or below the line
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where the new trailer will be added.
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+
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With `addIfDifferent`, a new trailer will be added only if no trailer
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with the same (<token>, <value>) pair is already in the message.
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With `add`, a new trailer will be added, even if some trailers with
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the same (<token>, <value>) pair are already in the message.
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With `replace`, an existing trailer with the same <token> will be
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deleted and the new trailer will be added. The deleted trailer will be
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the closest one (with the same <token>) to the place where the new one
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will be added.
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+
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With `doNothing`, nothing will be done; that is no new trailer will be
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added if there is already one with the same <token> in the message.
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trailer.ifmissing::
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This option makes it possible to choose what action will be
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performed when there is not yet any trailer with the same
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<token> in the message.
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The valid values for this option are: `add` (this is the default) and
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`doNothing`.
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With `add`, a new trailer will be added.
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With `doNothing`, nothing will be done.
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trailer.<token>.key::
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This `key` will be used instead of <token> in the trailer. At
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the end of this key, a separator can appear and then some
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space characters. By default the only valid separator is ':',
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but this can be changed using the `trailer.separators` config
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variable.
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If there is a separator, then the key will be used instead of both the
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<token> and the default separator when adding the trailer.
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trailer.<token>.where::
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This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.where'
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configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by
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that option for trailers with the specified <token>.
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trailer.<token>.ifexists::
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This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.ifexists'
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configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by
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that option for trailers with the specified <token>.
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trailer.<token>.ifmissing::
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This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.ifmissing'
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configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by
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that option for trailers with the specified <token>.
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trailer.<token>.command::
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This option can be used to specify a shell command that will
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be called to automatically add or modify a trailer with the
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specified <token>.
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When this option is specified, the behavior is as if a special
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'<token>=<value>' argument were added at the beginning of the command
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line, where <value> is taken to be the standard output of the
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specified command with any leading and trailing whitespace trimmed
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off.
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If the command contains the `$ARG` string, this string will be
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replaced with the <value> part of an existing trailer with the same
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<token>, if any, before the command is launched.
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If some '<token>=<value>' arguments are also passed on the command
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line, when a 'trailer.<token>.command' is configured, the command will
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also be executed for each of these arguments. And the <value> part of
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these arguments, if any, will be used to replace the `$ARG` string in
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the command.
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EXAMPLES
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--------
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* Configure a 'sign' trailer with a 'Signed-off-by' key, and then
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add two of these trailers to a message:
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------------
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$ git config trailer.sign.key "Signed-off-by"
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$ cat msg.txt
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subject
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message
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$ cat msg.txt | git interpret-trailers --trailer 'sign: Alice <alice@example.com>' --trailer 'sign: Bob <bob@example.com>'
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subject
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message
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Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
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Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com>
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------------
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* Use the `--in-place` option to edit a message file in place:
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------------
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$ cat msg.txt
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subject
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message
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Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com>
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$ git interpret-trailers --trailer 'Acked-by: Alice <alice@example.com>' --in-place msg.txt
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$ cat msg.txt
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subject
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message
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Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com>
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Acked-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
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------------
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* Extract the last commit as a patch, and add a 'Cc' and a
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'Reviewed-by' trailer to it:
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------------
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$ git format-patch -1
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0001-foo.patch
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$ git interpret-trailers --trailer 'Cc: Alice <alice@example.com>' --trailer 'Reviewed-by: Bob <bob@example.com>' 0001-foo.patch >0001-bar.patch
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------------
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* Configure a 'sign' trailer with a command to automatically add a
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'Signed-off-by: ' with the author information only if there is no
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'Signed-off-by: ' already, and show how it works:
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------------
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$ git config trailer.sign.key "Signed-off-by: "
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$ git config trailer.sign.ifmissing add
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$ git config trailer.sign.ifexists doNothing
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$ git config trailer.sign.command 'echo "$(git config user.name) <$(git config user.email)>"'
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$ git interpret-trailers <<EOF
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> EOF
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Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com>
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$ git interpret-trailers <<EOF
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> Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
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> EOF
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Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
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------------
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* Configure a 'fix' trailer with a key that contains a '#' and no
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space after this character, and show how it works:
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------------
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$ git config trailer.separators ":#"
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$ git config trailer.fix.key "Fix #"
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$ echo "subject" | git interpret-trailers --trailer fix=42
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subject
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Fix #42
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------------
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* Configure a 'see' trailer with a command to show the subject of a
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commit that is related, and show how it works:
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+
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------------
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$ git config trailer.see.key "See-also: "
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$ git config trailer.see.ifExists "replace"
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$ git config trailer.see.ifMissing "doNothing"
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$ git config trailer.see.command "git log -1 --oneline --format=\"%h (%s)\" --abbrev-commit --abbrev=14 \$ARG"
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$ git interpret-trailers <<EOF
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> subject
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>
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> message
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>
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> see: HEAD~2
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> EOF
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subject
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message
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See-also: fe3187489d69c4 (subject of related commit)
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------------
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* Configure a commit template with some trailers with empty values
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(using sed to show and keep the trailing spaces at the end of the
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trailers), then configure a commit-msg hook that uses
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'git interpret-trailers' to remove trailers with empty values and
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to add a 'git-version' trailer:
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+
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------------
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$ sed -e 's/ Z$/ /' >commit_template.txt <<EOF
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> ***subject***
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>
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> ***message***
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>
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> Fixes: Z
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> Cc: Z
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> Reviewed-by: Z
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> Signed-off-by: Z
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> EOF
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$ git config commit.template commit_template.txt
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$ cat >.git/hooks/commit-msg <<EOF
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> #!/bin/sh
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> git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "git-version: \$(git describe)" "\$1" > "\$1.new"
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> mv "\$1.new" "\$1"
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> EOF
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$ chmod +x .git/hooks/commit-msg
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------------
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SEE ALSO
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--------
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linkgit:git-commit[1], linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-config[1]
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GIT
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---
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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